High-rate water injection, including seawater injection and produced water reinjection, has been employed for pressure maintenance applications and environmental requirements. Sustained injectivity is crucial for project economic success worldwide. This challenge is particularly acute in offshore fields, which typically operate with low injector-to-producer ratio.
These injection systems face several critical issues:
►Rapid injectivity loss
►Non-uniform injection distributions within a completion
►Between different completions within a wellbore
►Premature completion failure
►Fluid containment loss
Various mechanisms and solutions have been proposed and implemented to address these challenges. The similarities and differences between water injectors across different applications highlight the value of shared knowledge and solutions.

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